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Scalable Counting of Minimal Trap Spaces and Fixed Points in Boolean Networks

Scalable Counting of Minimal Trap Spaces and Fixed Points in Boolean Networks .
Mohimenul Kabir, Van-Giang Trinh, Samuel Pastva and Kuldeep S. Meel.
In Proceedings of International Conference on Constraint Programming (CP), pp. 17:1–17:26, 2025.

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Abstract

Boolean Networks (BNs) serve as a fundamental modeling framework for capturing complex dynamical systems across various domains, including systems biology, computational logic, and artificial intelligence. A crucial property of BNs is the presence of trap spaces - subspaces of the state space that, once entered, cannot be exited. Minimal trap spaces, in particular, play a significant role in analyzing the long-term behavior of BNs, making their efficient enumeration and counting essential. The fixed points in BNs are a special case of minimal trap spaces. In this work, we formulate several meaningful counting problems related to minimal trap spaces and fixed points in BNs. These problems provide valuable insights both within BN theory (e.g., in probabilistic reasoning and dynamical analysis) and in broader application areas, including systems biology, abstract argumentation, and logic programming. To address these computational challenges, we propose novel methods based on approximate answer set counting, leveraging techniques from answer set programming. Our approach efficiently approximates the number of minimal trap spaces and the number of fixed points without requiring exhaustive enumeration, making it particularly well-suited for large-scale BNs. Our experimental evaluation on an extensive and diverse set of benchmark instances shows that our methods significantly improve the feasibility of counting minimal trap spaces and fixed points, paving the way for new applications in BN analysis and beyond.

BibTeX

@inproceedings{KabirTPM25CP,
  title={
    Scalable Counting of Minimal Trap Spaces and Fixed Points in Boolean
    Networks
  },
  author={
    Kabir, Mohimenul and Trinh, Van-Giang and Pastva, Samuel and Meel, Kuldeep
    S.
  },
  booktitle=CP,
  pages={17:1--17:26},
  year={2025},
  bib2html_rescat={Counting},
  bib2html_pubtype={Refereed Conference},
  bib2html_dl_pdf={https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.17},
  abstract={
    Boolean Networks (BNs) serve as a fundamental modeling framework for
    capturing complex dynamical systems across various domains, including
    systems biology, computational logic, and artificial intelligence. A crucial
    property of BNs is the presence of trap spaces - subspaces of the state
    space that, once entered, cannot be exited. Minimal trap spaces, in
    particular, play a significant role in analyzing the long-term behavior of
    BNs, making their efficient enumeration and counting essential. The fixed
    points in BNs are a special case of minimal trap spaces. In this work, we
    formulate several meaningful counting problems related to minimal trap
    spaces and fixed points in BNs. These problems provide valuable insights
    both within BN theory (e.g., in probabilistic reasoning and dynamical
    analysis) and in broader application areas, including systems biology,
    abstract argumentation, and logic programming. To address these
    computational challenges, we propose novel methods based on approximate
    answer set counting, leveraging techniques from answer set programming. Our
    approach efficiently approximates the number of minimal trap spaces and the
    number of fixed points without requiring exhaustive enumeration, making it
    particularly well-suited for large-scale BNs. Our experimental evaluation on
    an extensive and diverse set of benchmark instances shows that our methods
    significantly improve the feasibility of counting minimal trap spaces and
    fixed points, paving the way for new applications in BN analysis and beyond.
  },
}

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