i* Intentional STrategic Actor Relationships modelling

i*	an agent- and goal-oriented modelling framework

"Social Modeling for Requirements Engineering"

Related Doctoral Dissertations

November 15, 2010
From MIT Press: "This book offers a new approach to the requirements challenge, based on modeling and analyzing the relationships among stakeholders. The i* framework conceives of software-based information systems as being situated in environments in which social actors relate to each other in terms of goals to be achieved, tasks to be performed, and resources to be furnished. The book includes Eric Yu's original proposal for the i* framework as well as research that applies, adapts, extends, or evaluates the social modeling concepts and approach."
   Chapter 2 is a reprint of Eric Yu's doctoral dissertation from 1995. It is followed by 18 chapters authored by researchers from around the world who have applied, adapted, or extended the i* framework in various ways, and for diverse application contexts – from business processes to knowledge management to air traffic control, from information security to software development.
   Sneak preview - Chapter One.
MIT Press. Amazon.com.   Google books.

		The i* framework is now part of an international standard!
	November 13, 2008 The User Requirements Notation (URN) received final approval as an international standard today in Geneva, Switzerland, as ITU-T Recommendation Z.151. URN consists of the Goal-oriented Requirements Language (GRL), based on the i* modelling framework, and Use Case Maps (UCM), a scenario modelling notation. GRL provides a notation for modelling goals and rationales, and strategic relationships among social actors. It is used to explore and identify system requirements, including especially non-functional requirements. ITU is the UN agency for information and communication technologies.

The i* framework proposes an agent-oriented approach to requirements engineering centering on the intentional characteristics of the agent. Agents attribute intentional properties (such as goals, beliefs, abilities, commitments) to each other and reason about strategic relationships. Dependencies between agents give rise to opportunities as well as vulnerabilities. Networks of dependencies are analyzed using a qualitative reasoning approach. Agents consider alternative configurations of dependencies to assess their strategic positioning in a social context.

The framework is used in contexts in which there are multiple parties (or autonomous units) with strategic interests which may be reinforcing or conflicting in relation to each other. Examples of such contexts include: business process redesign, business redesign, information systems requirements engineering, analyzing the social embedding of information technology, and the design of agent-based software systems.

The name i* (pronounced eye-star) refers to the concept of distributed intentionality.

Keywords: strategic relationships, intentional dependencies, multi-agent systems, autonomous agents, social networks, requirements engineering

Road map for readings on i* :
For a quick overview, you may start with Social Modeling and i* and the introductory chapter of the book Social Modeling for Requirements Engineering.

RE97 which presents i* concepts using a pedagogical requirements engineering example.

A vision for strategic actors modelling in the context of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering is outlined in AOSE01. A similar overview for the Information Systems context is presented in WIj01.

For a simple presentation of the framework in a Business Process Redesign context, you may start with either WITS94 or IEEE Expert 96. Both provide an overview of the framework, with the latter including an example of ConGolog process modelling. The COOCS93 paper focuses on the Strategic Dependency model (called the Actor Dependency model at the time). These papers should be enough to get you started in doing i* modelling.

CACM99 provides an overview of goal-oriented analysis, which is an important part of i*. An earlier illustration of i* reasoning appeared in HICSS94 (This is now part of the Strategic Rationale model.)

The ICSE94 paper is an application of the i* framework to Software Processes and Organizations. It has examples of the distinction among Agents, Roles, and Positions, and a discussion of enforcement, assurance, and insurance. These are further illustrated in ICEIMT97.

IFAC99 offers examples of Business Modelling, with an example about IKEA. These are further illustrated in ER01. The latter also shows how i* modelling can be used to help reason about Patents in a strategic business context, with examples from e-commerce (online travel booking). The mechanisms for modelling patent protection is similar to those for modelling Trust and Security in Trust00.

The WIj01 paper provides a more detailed explanation of the premises behind the i* ontology. The main arguments are summarized in the AOIS01 invited presentation.

COOCS95 compares several different approaches to modelling organizational work, including IBIS, KAOS, and Action Workflow (speech acts).
IWSSD98 and CoopIS95 provide examples of how i* may be used in conjunction with other modelling or specification languages in the context of software development.

The ER94 paper contains some partial schemas and axioms for the models. More details are available in the PhD thesis [Yu95].

A set of Powerpoint slides assembles presentations slides from various papers and talks into a tutorial format.

An International Standard

ITU-T Z.151 (2008-11). i* is the basis for GRL (Goal-oriented Requirements Language), which together with UCM (Use Case Maps), constitute the User Requirements Notation URN. URN was adopted as an international standard in November 2008. The full standards document "User Requirements Notation (URN) – Language definition" may be downloaded from here.

ITU is the UN agency for information and communication technologies

Software Tools

*new* Updated release, OpenOME version 3.4.2 is now available!

OpenOME is a software tool for supporting i* modeling. It may be downloaded from Sourceforge.
The developer site is at https://se.cs.toronto.edu/trac/ome
OME is an earlier software tool for supporing i* and NFR modelling. More information on the difference between the two can be found on the tools site.
See the i* tools

page on the i* wiki for additional software tools for i* modeling and analysis.

Events and ongoing research

i* Showcase 2011 London, UK (industry day - June 21)

posters and presentations

i* research workshop series

i* 2011 - Trento, Italy (August 29-30)
i* 2010 - Hammamet, Tunisia
i* 2008 - Recife, Brazil
i* 2005 - London, UK (a one-day symposium and a two-day research workshop)
i* 2001 - Trento, Italy

i* wiki (iStarWiki.org) - community website for i* researchers

Related projects

GRL - an elaborated version of i* , is part of the User Requirements Notation (URN), standardized under ITU-T Z.151.

Tropos is a methodology for agent-based software system development, with the i* framework as the basis and starting point.
Main project site: www.troposproject.org
Other related project sites: Tropos at the Technical University of Aachen (RWTH), Germany

Related publications

For more up-to-date listings, see CiteULike (tag: istar), and the publications pages on the i* wiki.

Some applications, extensions, or adaptations of i* : (See also E. Yu Publications)
in selected areas:

Requirements Engineering
Process Analysis and Design, Reengineering
Evaulation, Verification, and Validation
Agent-Oriented Systems Development
Trust in Multi-Agent Systems
Security Requirements Engineering
Software Engineering Processes and Organizations
Data Management Processes
Knowledge Management
Systems and Organizational Architecture
Business Modelling
Intellectual Property Management

Requirements Engineering

Alistair G. Sutcliffe, Shailey Minocha. (1999) Linking Business Modelling to Socio-technical System Design. Proc. CAiSE'99. 73-87
V.F.A. Santander, J.F.B. Castro: Deriving use cases from organizational modeling. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2002, Essen, Germany. pp. 32-39.
A. Sutcliffe, A. Gregoriades: Validating functional system requirements with scenarios. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2002, Essen, Germany. pp. 181-188.
S. Dusire, M. Flynn, N. Dardenne: Requirements engineering - applying theory to reality. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2002, Essen, Germany. pp. 300.
A. Sutcliffe: Requirements engineering for complex collaborative systems. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2001, Toronto, Canada. pp. 110-117.
J. F. Castro, F. M. R. Alencar, G. A. C. Filhol, J. Mylopoulos: Integrating organizational requirements and object oriented modeling. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2001, Toronto, Canada. pp. 146-153.
Jaelson Castro, Rosa Pinto, Andrea Castor, John Mylopoulos: TROPOS-T: Extending the Tropos Methodology to Include Requirements. (Abstract Only) in: SELMAS 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Paolo Donzelli, Paolo Bresciani: An agent-based requirements engineering framework for complex socio-technical systems. (Abstract Only) in: SELMAS 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Paolo Donzelli: Agents, goals, and quality in a structured requirements engineering framework - a case study. in: AOIS at CAiSE'02, Toronto, Ontario.
Paolo Donzelli, Paolo Bresciani: Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Case Study in E-government. 15th Int'l Conf., CAiSE 2003, Klagenfurt, Austria, June 16-18, 2003, Proceedings. LNCS 2681 (Springer) pp. 601-616
Paolo Donzelli. A goal-driven and agent-based requirements engineering framework. Requirements Engineering. 9(1) 2004. Springer. pp.16-39.
Haralambos Mouratidis, Paolo Giorgini, Ian Philp, Gordon Manson: Using Tropos Methodology to Model an Integrated Health Assessment System. in: AOIS at CAiSE'02, Toronto, Ontario.
Paolo Bresciani and Fabrizio Sannicolo: Applying Tropos to requirement analysis for a Tropos tool. in: AOIS at CAiSE'02, Toronto, Ontario.
Yijun Yu, Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite, John Mylopoulos: From Goals to Aspects: Discovering Aspects from Requirements Goal Models. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2004, Kyoto Japan. pp. 33-42.
Andreas Gregoriades, Jae-Eun Shin, Alistair Sutcliffe: Human-Centred Requirements Engineering. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2004, Kyoto Japan. pp. 143-152.
Bruno González-Baixauli, Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite, John Mylopoulos: Visual Variability Analysis for Goal Models. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2004, Kyoto Japan. pp. 183-192.
Jane Cleland-Huang , Grant Zemont, Wiktor Lukasik: A Heterogeneous Solution for Improving the Return on Investment of Requirements Traceability. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2004, Kyoto Japan. pp. 214-223.
Xavier Franch, Gemma Grau, Carme Quer: A Framework for the Definition of Metrics for Actor-Dependency Models. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2004, Kyoto Japan. pp. 327-328.
Bowen Hui, Sotirios Liaskos, John Mylopoulos: Requirements Analysis for Customizable Software: A Goals-Skills-Preferences Framework. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2003, California, USA. pp. 117-126.
Davide Bolchini, Paolo Paolini, Giovanni Randazzo: Adding Hypermedia Requirements to Goal-Driven Analysis. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Reqruirements Engineering 2003. California, USA. pp.127-137.
Alistair Sutcliffe, Wei-Chun Chang, Richard Neville: Evaluationary Requirements Analysis. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2003. California, USA. pp.264-273.
Camille Salinesi, Anne Etien, Iyad Zoukar: A Systematic Approach to Express IS Evolution Requirements Using Gap Modelling and Similarity Modelling Techniques. 16th International Conference, CAiSE 2004, Riga, Latvia, June 7-11, 2004, Proceedings. LNCS 3084 (Springer) pp. 338-352.
Neil A. M. Maiden, Sara V. Jones, Sharon Manning, John Greenwood, L. Renou: Model-Driven Requirements Engineering: Synchronising Models in an Air Traffic Management Case Study.16th International Conference, CAiSE 2004, Riga, Latvia, June 7-11, 2004, Proceedings. LNCS 3084 (Springer) pp. 368-383.
Paolo Bresciani, Paolo Donzelli: REF: a Practical Agent-Based Requirement Engineering Framework.
Sergiy A. Vilkomir, Aditya K. Ghose, Aneesh Krishna: Combining Agent-Oriented Conceptual Modelling with Formal Methods.
Paolo Bresciani, Fabrizio Sannicol: Requirements Analysis in Tropos: a self referencing example.
L. Penserini, L. Liu, J. Mylopoulos, M. Panti, L. Spalazzi: Cooperation Strategies for Agent-Based P2P Systems . in: Web Intelligence and Agent Systems (journal), Publisher: IOS Press, ISSN 1570-1263, pp. 3-21, 2003.
David Bolchini and Paolo Paolini: Goal-driven requirements analysis for hypermedia-intensive Web applications. Requirements Engineering. 9(2) May, 2004. Springer. pp. 85-103.

Process Analysis and Design, Reengineering

Katzenstein, G.J. and Lerch, F.J. (2001) Beneath the Surface of Organizational Processes: A Social Context Framework for Business Process Redesign. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 18(4), 383-422.

Evaluation, Verification and Validation (See also the Tropos project.)

Y. Lesperance, T.G. Kelley, J. Mylopoulos, and E. Yu. Modeling dynamic domains with congolog. In Proceedings of CAISE'99, 1999.
G. Gans, M. Jarke, S. Kethers, G. Lakemeyer, L. Ellrich, C. Funken, M. Meister: Requirements Modeling for Organization Networks: A (Dis)Trust-Based Approach. in: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, Toronto, August 2001.
M. Koubarakis and D. Plexousakis, A Formal Model for Business Process Modeling and Design, Proceedings of CAiSE*00, Stockholm, Sweden, June 5-9, 2000
M. Koubarakis and D. Plexousakis. Business Process Modeling and Design: AI Models and Methodology. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 Workshop on Intelligent Workflow and Process Management: the New Frontier for AI in Business, 1999.
J. Mylopoulos, Ariel Fuxman, and P. Giorgini. From Entities and Relationships to Social Actors and Dependencies. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER'00), LNCS, Springer-Verlag, 2000.
A. Fuxman, M. Pistore, J. Mylopoulos, P. Traverso: Model checking early requirements specifications in Tropos. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2001, Toronto, Canada. pp. 174-181.
Ariel Fuxman, Lin Liu, Marco Pistore, Marco Roveri, John Mylopoulos: Specifying and Analyzing Early Requirements: Some Experimental Results. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2003, California, USA. pp. 105-114.
Jingde Cheng: Spatio-temporal Relevant Logic as the Logical Basis for Specifying, Verifying, and Reasoning About Mobile Multi-agent Systems. (to appear) in: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER' 04) .
Roberto Sebastiani, Paolo Giorgini, John Mylopoulos:Simple and Minimum-Cost Satisfiability for Goal Models.

16th International Conference, CAiSE 2004, Riga, Latvia, June 7-11, 2004, Proceedings. LNCS 3084 (Springer) pp. 20-35.

Agent-Oriented Systems Development (See also the Tropos project.)

K. Taveter. (2001) From Descriptive to Prescriptive Models of Agent-Oriented Information Systems. Proc. 3rd. Intl. Workshop on Agent-Oriented Information Systems. Interlaken, Switzerland.
P. Bresciani, A. Perini, P. Giorgini, F. Giunchiglia. J. Mylopoulos. Modeling early requirements in Tropos: a transformation based approach. Submitted to the Second International Workshop on AGENT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (AOSE-2001), Montreal, Canada - May 29th 2001.
P. Giorgini, A. Perini, J. Mylopoulos, F. Giunchiglia, P. Bresciani. Agent-Oriented Software Development: A Case Study . Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering (SEKE01), June 13-15, 2001 Buenos Aires - ARGENTINA.
A. Perini, P. Bresciani, F. Giunchiglia, P. Giorgini, J. Mylopoulos. A Knowledge Level Software Engineering Methodology for Agent Oriented Programming. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Montreal, Canada - May 29 - June 01, 2001.
Fausto Giunchiglia, John Mylopoulos, Anna Perini: The Tropos Software Development Methodology: Processes, Models and Diagrams. in: AOSE-2002, Bologna, Italy.
B. Henderson-Sellers, P. Giorgini, P. Bresciani. Enhancing Agent OPEN with concepts used in the Tropos methodology, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop Engineering Societies in the Agents World 29-31 October 2003, Imperial College London, UK.
B. Henderson-Sellers, P. Giorgini, P. Bresciani. Evaluating the Potential for Integrating the OPEN and Tropos Metamodels . In Proccedings of the 2003 International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP'03), June 23 - 26, 2003, Monte Carlo Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
P. Bresciani and P. Giorgini. The TROPOS Analysis Process as Graph Transformation System. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Agent-oriented methodologies, at OOPSLA 2002, Seattle, WA, USA, Nov, 2002.
M. Garzetti, P. Giorgini, J. Mylopoulos, F. Sannicolo'. Applying Tropos Methodology to a real case study: Complexity and Criticality analysis. In Proceeding of the Italian workshop on "Dagli OGGETTI agli AGENTI - Dall'informazione alla Conoscenza (WOA02)", Milano - November, 2002.
Khanh Hoa Dam, Michael Winikoff: Comparing Agent-Oriented Methodologies.in: AOIS at AAMAS'03, Melbourne, Australia.
Mercedes Amor, Lidia Fuentes, Antonio Vallecillo: Bridging the Gap Between Agent-Oriented Design and Implementation. in: AOSE-2004, New York City, New York.
Xinjun Mao, Eric Yu: Organizational and Social Concepts in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering. in: AOSE-2004, New York City, New York.
Paolo Bresciani, Anna Perini, Paolo Giorgini, Fausto Giunchiglia, John Mylopoulos: Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology. in: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Sytems, 8, 203–236, 2004.

Trust in multi-agent systems

G. Gans, M. Jarke, S. Kethers, G. Lakemeyer, L. Ellrich, C. Funken, M. Meister: Towards (Dis)Trust-Based Simulations of Agent Networks. in: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Deception, Fraud, and Trust in Agent Societies, Montreal, May 2001, pp. 49--60.
G. Gans, M. Jarke, S. Kethers, G. Lakemeyer: Modeling the Impact of Trust and Distrust in Agent Networks. in: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Agent-Oriented Information Systems (AOIS-2001), Interlaken, June 2001, pp. 45--58.
G. Gans, G. Lakemeyer, M. Jarke, T. Vits: SNet: A Modeling and Simulation Environment for AGent Networks Based on i* and ConGolog. in: Proceedings of 14th Int. Conf. Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Toronto, Canada, May 2002. LNCS 2348. pp. 328-343.
G. Gans, M. Jarke, S. Kethers, G. Lakemeyer, L. Ellrich, C. Funken, M. Meister: Requirements modeling for organization networks: a (dis)trust-based approach. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2001, Toronto, Canada. pp. 154-163.
Günter Gans, Matthias Jarke, Stefanie Kethers, Gerhard Lakemeyer. Continuous requirements management for organisation networks: a (dis)trust-based approach. Requirements Engineering. 8(1) Feb. 2003. Springer. pp. 4-22.
Günter Gans, Matthias Jarke, Gerhard Lakemeyer, Dominik Schmitz: Deliberation in a Modeling and Simulation Environment for Inter-organizational Networks. 15th Int'l Conf., CAiSE 2003, Klagenfurt, Austria, June 16-18, 2003, Proceedings. LNCS 2681 (Springer) pp. 242-257
Paolo Giorgini, Fabio Massacci, John Mylopoulos, Nicola Zannone: Requirements Engineering meets Trust Management: Model, Methodology, and Reasoning.
Eric Yu, Lin liu: Modelling Trust for System Design Using the i* Strategic Actors Framework.(citation only) in: Proceedings of the workshop on Deception, Fraud, and Trust in Agent Societies held during the Autonomous Agents Conference: Trust in Cyber-societies, Integrating the Human and Artificial Perspectives, 2001.

Security requirements engineering

Haralambos Mouratidis, Paolo Giorgini, Gordon A. Manson: Integrating Security and Systems Engineering: Towards the Modelling of Secure Information Systems.15th Int'l Conf., CAiSE 2003, Klagenfurt, Austria, June 16-18, 2003, Proceedings. LNCS 2681 (Springer) pp. 63-78
H. Mouratidis, P. Giorgini, M. Schumacher. Security Patterns for Agent Systems. In Proccedings of Eighth European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs 25- 29, June 2003 Irsee, Germany.
P. Giorgini, F. Massacci, and J. Mylopoulos. Requirement Engineering meets Security: A Case Study on Modelling Secure Electronic Transactions by VISA and Mastercard, in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, LNCS, Springer, 2003.
P. Bresciani, P. Giorgini, and H. Mouratidis On Security Requirements Analysis for Multi-Agent Systems. Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems SELMAS 2003 in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2003), Portland, Oregon, USA, in May 3-4, 2003.
H. Mouratidis, P. Giorgini, and G. Manson. An Ontology for Modelling Security: The Tropos Approach . Proceedings of the KES 2003 Invited Session Ontology and Multi-Agent Systems Design (OMASD'03), 3, 4 & 5 September 2003, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
H. Mouratidis, P. Giorgini, and M. Weiss Integrating Patterns and Agent-Oriented Methodologies to Provide Better Solutions for the Development of Secure Agent Systems . Proceedings of the Workshop on Expressiveness of Pattern Languages 2003, at ChiliPLoP 2003, March 11-14, 2003 Carefree, Arizona.
H. Mouratidis, P. Giorgini, G. Manson. Modelling Secure Multiagent Systems, (to appear) in the Proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Melbourne-Australia, July 2003
H. Mouratidis, P. Giorgini, G. Manson, A. Gani. Analysing Security Requirements of Information Systems Using Tropos, (to appear) in the Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Angers - France, April 2003
H. Mouratidis, P. Giorgini, G. Manso and I. Philp. A Natural Extension of Tropos Methodology for Modelling Security. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Agent-oriented methodologies, at OOPSLA 2002, Seattle, WA, USA, Nov, 2002
Lin Liu, Eric Yu, John Mylopoulos: Security and Privacy Requirements Analysis within a Social Setting. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2003, California, USA. pp. 151-161.
Lin Liu, Eric Yu, John Mylopoulos: Analyzing Security Requirements As Relationships among Strategic Actors.in: 2nd Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information Security (SREIS), 2002.

Software engineering processes and organizations

Lionel Briand, Yong-Mi Kim, Walcelio Melo, Carolyn Seaman, and Victor Basili, Q-MOPP: Qualitative evaluation of Maintenance Organizations, Processes, and Products. Software Maintenance: Research and Practice, 10:249-278, 1998.
Gilberto Cysneiros, Andrea Zisman, George Spanoudakis: A Traceability Approach from i* and UML Models. (Abstract Only) in: SELMAS 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Alicia Martínez, Hugo Estrada, Juan Sánchez, Oscar Pastor: From Early Requirements to User Interface Prototyping: A Methodological Approach. 17th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2002), 23-27 September 2002, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. IEEE Computer Society 2002: 257-260
Hugo Estrada, Alicia Martínez, and Oscar Pastor. Goal-based business modeling oriented towards late requirements generation. 22nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2003). Oct. 13-16, 2003, Chicago, Ill. USA. to appear.
Yijun Yu, John Mylopoulos, Eric Yu, Julio Cesar Leite, Linda Lin Liu, Erik D'Hollanderin: Software refactoring guided by multiple soft-goals. in: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on REFactoring: Achievements, Challenges, Effects(REFACE), Victoria, British Columbia, Novermber 13, 2003.
Lúcia R. D. Bastos, Jaelson F. B. Castro, John Mylopoulos: In tegrating Organizational Requirements and Socio-Intentional Architectural Styles. in: Proceedings of Second International Workshop From Software Requirements to Architecutres (STRAW'03), Portland, USA, May 9, 2003.

Data Management Processes

Panos Vassiliadis, Christoph Quix, Yannis Vassiliou, Matthias Jarke: Data Warehouse Process Management. in: "Information Systems", vol. 26, no. 3, 2001. pp. 205-236.

Knowledge management

Alessandra Molani, Anna Perini, Eric Yu, Paolo Bresciani : Analyzing the Requirements for Knowledge Management using Intentional Analysis
D. Bertolini, P. Busetta, M. Nori, A. Perin: Peer-to-Peer and Multi-Agent Systems technologies for Knowledge Management Applications. An Agent-Oriented analysis. in WOA 2002.

Systems and Organizational Architecture

A. Fuxman, P. Giorgini, M. Kolp and J. Mylopoulos. Information Systems as Social Structures , Second International Conference on Formal Ontologies for Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Ogunquit, USA, October 17-19, 2001.
M. Kolp, P. Giorgini, J. Mylopoulos. A Goal-Based Organizational Perspective on Multi-Agent Architectures . Eighth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (ATAL-2001) Seattle, USA, August 1-3, 2001.
M. Kolp, P. Giorgini, and J. Mylopoulos. Information Systems Development trhough Social Structures. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE2002), ACM Press, Italy, 2002
Paolo Giorgini, Manuel Kolp, John Mylopoulos: Multi-Agent and Software Architectures: A Comparative Case Study. in: AOSE-2002, Bologna, Italy.
M. Kolp, P. Giorgini, and J. Mylopoulos, Organizational Patterns for Early Requirements Analysis. Proceedings of the 15th Conference On Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE*03), Austria, 16 - 20 June, 2003. LNCS 2681 (Springer) pp. 617-632
Jaelson Castro, Carla T. L. L. Silva, John Mylopoulos: Modeling Organizational Architectural Styles in UML. 15th Int'l Conf., CAiSE 2003, Klagenfurt, Austria, June 16-18, 2003, Proceedings. LNCS 2681 (Springer) pp. 111-126
Anna Perini: Discussing strategies for software architecting and designing from an Agent-oriented point of view. (Abstract Only) in: SELMAS 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA.
D. Gross, E. Yu: Evolving system architecture to meet changing business goals: an agent and goal-oriented approach. in: IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering 2001, Toronto, Canada. pp. 316-317.
Franch X. & Maiden N.A.M., Modelling Component Dependencies to Inform their Selection, to appear in Proceedings 2nd International Conference on COTS-Based Software Systems (ICCBSS'03), Ottawa, Canada, February 10-13, 2003, LNCS 2580, Springer-Verlag: pp. 81-89. Awarded Best Paper in Conference.
Manuel Kolp, Tung T. Do, Stéphane Faulkner: Multi-Agent Architectures for E-Business Information Systems: An Organizational Perspective.
Jaelson Castro a Manuel Kolp, John Mylopoulos: Towards Requirements-Driven Information Systems Engineering: The Tropos Project.

Business modelling

[ER01] E. Yu, L. Liu, Y. Li. (2001) Modelling Strategic Actor Relationships to Support Intellectual Property Management. 20th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER-2001). Yokohama, Japan.

Intellectual Property Management

[ER01] E. Yu, L. Liu, Y. Li. (2001) Modelling Strategic Actor Relationships to Support Intellectual Property Management. 20th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER-2001). Yokohama, Japan.
[ER02] B. Hui, E. Yu (2002) Extracting Conceptual Relationships from Specialized Documents. 21th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER-2002). Tampere, Finland, October 7-11, 2002. LNCS 2503 Springer Verlag. pp. 232-246.

Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering

The i* agent-oriented approach builds on and extends Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) [REFSQ98]. In particular the softgoal concept in i* draws on techniques for dealing with non-functional requirements in software engineering, as presented in

the NFR framework. For an overview of the NFR framework, see Chapters 2 and 3 in the NFR book, or ICSQ94.

Some other related GORE frameworks include:

the KAOS approach: Goal-Driven Requirements Engineering
the Inquiry Cycle
GBRAM
EKD

For discussions of goal-oriented requirements engineering, see [Kavlaki02] [Rolland03] [vanLamsweerde00]

Requirements Engineering

For an overview of Requirements Engineering, see:

B. A. Nuseibeh and S. M. Easterbrook, "Requirements Engineering: A Roadmap", In A. C. W. Finkelstein (ed) "The Future of Software Engineering ". (Companion volume to the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE'00). IEEE Computer Society Press.
A. van Lamsweerde: Requirements Engineering in the Year 00: A Research Perspective. Invited Paper for ICSE'2000 - 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Limerick, ACM Press, 2000