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@inproceedings{GBM21,
  title={Justicia: A Stochastic SAT Approach to Formally Verify Fairness},
  author={Ghosh, Bishwamittra and Basu, Debabrota and Meel, Kuldeep S.},
  booktitle=AAAI,
  month=feb,
  year={2021},
  bib2html_rescat={Formal Methods 4 ML},
  bib2html_pubtype={Refereed Conference},
  bib2html_dl_pdf={../Papers/aaai21-gbm.pdf},
  abstract={
    As a technology ML is oblivious to societal good or bad,
    and thus, the field of fair machine learning has stepped up to
    propose multiple mathematical definitions, algorithms, and
    systems to ensure different notions of fairness in ML applications.
    Given the multitude of propositions, it has become
    imperative to formally verify the fairness metrics satisfied by
    different algorithms on different datasets. In this paper, we
    propose a stochastic satisfiability (SSAT) framework, Justicia,
    that formally verifies different fairness measures of supervised
    learning algorithms with respect to the underlying data distribution.
    We instantiate Justicia on multiple classification and
    bias mitigation algorithms, and datasets to verify different fairness
    metrics, such as disparate impact, statistical parity, and
    equalized odds. Justicia is scalable, accurate, and operates on
    non-Boolean and compound sensitive attributes unlike existing
    distribution-based verifiers, such as FairSquare and VeriFair.
    Being distribution-based by design, Justicia is more robust
    than the verifiers, such as AIF360, that operate on specific test
    samples. We also theoretically bound the finite-sample error
    of the verified fairness measure.
  },
}