Course Administration

• Marking Scheme and syllabus can be found at http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~arnold/427/16s/syllabus.pdf
• A high level view of presentation marking can be found here
• Midterm solutions and marking scheme

System Administration

• Kali Linux
  root toor
• Ubuntu 8.04 with some vulnerable applications installed.
  arnold bpbthisisvulnerable2015

News of the Week, summary

Dictionaries

Tool of the week

• Docker
• Sysinternals
• Nikto
• Snort
• SQLMap.pdf

  ARNOLD: see also sqlmap, the first page has a good description.

In Depth

• Poweliks
• CVE-2014-6271 Shellshock
• DNS Spoofing
• DLL Hijacking, see also Article at slashdot
• RSA
• Social Engineering
• HTTP VS HTTPS
• Backdooring for Windows and Linux, netcat notes
• IPv6

  ARNOLD: see also A good note on IPv6 Addresses, or At IBM To summarize the unicast addresses:

  • Unicast global addresses: Routable between anywhere on the net. This is your globally addressable IP.
  • Unicast unique-local addresses (fc00::/7): Routable only within the organization (like 192.168.*.* addresses, on multiple LANS in an organization). The wikipedia article is actually good on this
  • Unicast link-local addresses: Routable on the same link (essentially LAN). This is like 192.168.1.* addresses on a single LAN.
  • Unicast site-local is deprecated superseded by unique-local above!
  ARNOLD: see also A good note on Stateless Address Auto-configuration
  ARNOLD: see also AN IBM RedBook on IPv6 if you are interested in exploring in depth.

• VPN
• StageFright
• IPSEC

  ARNOLD: Transport vs Tunnel Mode
  ARNOLD: AH vs ESP
  ARNOLD: SAD vs SPD

• Password Hashing And Rainbow Tables
• VPNs
• WiFi Security

  ARNOLD: This short note,
  ARNOLD: Understanding WEP and its Vulnerabilities See especially the very brief summary in section IV Collisions. The rule is: It is difficult to get crypto right, even using good crypto primitives well is difficult. Another quick, high level explanation

OWASP TOP 10

• * A1-Injection Injection flaws, such as SQL, OS, and LDAP injection occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. The attacker’s hostile data can trick the interpreter into executing unintended commands or accessing data without proper authorization.
• * A2-Broken Authentication and Session Management Application functions related to authentication and session management are often not implemented correctly, allowing attackers to compromise passwords, keys, or session tokens, or to exploit other implementation flaws to assume other users’ identities.
• * A3-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) XSS flaws occur whenever an application takes untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or escaping. XSS allows attackers to execute scripts in the victim’s browser which can hijack user sessions, deface web sites, or redirect the user to malicious sites.
• * A4-Insecure Direct Object References A direct object reference occurs when a developer exposes a reference to an internal implementation object, such as a file, directory, or database key. Without an access control check or other protection, attackers can manipulate these references to access unauthorized data.
• A5-Security Misconfiguration Good security requires having a secure configuration defined and deployed for the application, frameworks, application server, web server, database server, and platform. Secure settings should be defined, implemented, and maintained, as defaults are often insecure. Additionally, software should be kept up to date.
• * A6-Sensitive Data Exposure Many web applications do not properly protect sensitive data, such as credit cards, tax IDs, and authentication credentials. Attackers may steal or modify such weakly protected data to conduct credit card fraud, identity theft, or other crimes. Sensitive data deserves extra protection such as encryption at rest or in transit, as well as special precautions when exchanged with the browser.
• A7-Missing Function Level Access Control Most web applications verify function level access rights before making that functionality visible in the UI. However, applications need to perform the same access control checks on the server when each function is accessed. If requests are not verified, attackers will be able to forge requests in order to access functionality without proper authorization.
• * A8-Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) A CSRF attack forces a logged-on victim’s browser to send a forged HTTP request, including the victim’s session cookie and any other automatically included authentication information, to a vulnerable web application. This allows the attacker to force the victim’s browser to generate requests the vulnerable application thinks are legitimate requests from the victim.
• A9-Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities Components, such as libraries, frameworks, and other software modules, almost always run with full privileges. If a vulnerable component is exploited, such an attack can facilitate serious data loss or server takeover. Applications using components with known vulnerabilities may undermine application defenses and enable a range of possible attacks and impacts.
• A10-UN-validated Redirects and Forwards Web applications frequently redirect and forward users to other pages and websites, and use untrusted data to determine the destination pages. Without proper validation, attackers can redirect victims to phishing or malware sites, or use forwards to access unauthorized pages.

Tutorials

• None
• Presenting the News
• Poweliks
• DLL Hijacking
• sysinternals
• Snort slides, Snort walkthrough
• DNS Spoofing
• Bandit Wargames, Score Board
• Backdooring
• WebGoat
• Ida Pro
• Tor

  ARNOLD: see also Introduction in the Wikipedia Article as well as Onion Routing

• Cain and Abel
• Rainbow Tables
• SQLMap Tutorial
• IPSEC Tutorial
• IPSEC Tutorial Bonus (Works only on Windows VMPlayer 12)
• ARP Poisoning

Midterm

Assignment

Challenges/Exercises

• http://canyouhack.it/
• Legally Hack | Hacker Challenges | 11 Places You Can Hack
• wargames
• hax.tor Online collection of interesting
• exploit-exercises.com Nice site with interesting exercises, start here, they have downloadable vms as well.
• wechall.net Challenges, also a list of related websites on the side
• hackthis.co.uk
• hack this site
• WebGoat,
• Kali vs Vulnerable Stuff http://sathisharthars.wordpress.com/2014/08/04/create-your-own-web-penetration-testing-lab-in-kali-linux/
• BadStore (tutorial)
• ictf exercises
• Web Application Exploits and Defenses

Info Sec Resources

• CVE Database
: !!! Explain what the resource is !!!
• pentest-tandard.org: Penetration testing standards documents.