// APS101, Winter 2009: Lecture 12 (Feb. 3)
//
// Review: last time we looked at static variables/methods, and constants.
// Examples from the Math class:
Math.PI
Math.log10(5)
Math.abs(-5)
Math.round(5.6)
Math.ceil(1.2)
Math.floor(1.9)
Math.max(10, 15)
Math.max(10, 15.0)
Math.max(10.0, 15)
Math.max(1, 2, 3)
Math.max(1, Math.max(2, 3))
Math.pow(2, 3)

// what is a static variable?
// what is a static method?
// what is a constant? format:
// public static final <type> <VARIABLE_NAME> = <value>

BankAccount.getTotalNumAccounts()
BankAccount.DEPOSIT_FEE
BankAccount.BANK_NAME
Band.NUM_MEMBERS
Band.canFormBand() // false - not enough Musicians!
Musician.totalNumMusicians
Musician m1 = new Musician("LilWayne", 10);
Musician.totalNumMusicians
Musician m2 = new Musician("PDiddy", 100);
Musician.totalNumMusicians
Band.canFormBand() // still false.
Musician m3 = new Musician("Gene Simmons", 1000);
Musician.totalNumMusicians
Band.canFormBand() // true!
Band b = new Band(m1, m2, m3);
b.canFormBand() // can call a static method from an object too

// Today we'll be looking at various String methods:

// length() => the number of characters in this String.
"abc".length()
String s = "abcd";
s.length()

// charAt(int i) => the character at index i (starting from 0).
"abc".charAt(1)
s.charAt(10) // error!

// indexOf(String s) => the index of s in this String; -1 if s is not found.
s.indexOf("e")
s.indexOf("ab")
s.indexOf("abcd")
s.indexOf("abcde")

// indexOf(String s, int i) => the index of s in this String after index i; -1 if s is not found.
String s = "aba"
s.indexOf("a")
s.indexOf("a", 1)
s.indexOf("a", s.indexOf("a") + 1)

// substring(int i, int j) => the letters between i (inclusive) and j (non-inclusive).
String s = "aba"
s.substring(0, 1)
s.substring(0, 2)
s.substring(0, 3)
s.substring(0, 4)
s.substring(1, 3)

// substring(int i) => the letters starting from index i (inclusive) to the end.
s.substring(1)

// We started writing static method getFirstVowel(String) in class OurString
// exercise: take a look at this class and think of a way to write this method,
// without using any if-statements.
// also, think of a way to incorporate constants:
// Hint: public static final String VOWELS = "aeiou"