Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Feb 22 2008, 07:57:53) [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5363)] Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> test=[5,4],[1,2],[4]] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in invalid syntax: , line 1, pos 21 >>> test=[[5,4],[1,2],[4]] >>> test [[5, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> copy_test=test[:] >>> copy_test [[5, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> test [[5, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> test.append(['1']) >>> test [[5, 4], [1, 2], [4], ['1']] >>> copy_test [[5, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> copy_test[0][0]=15 >>> copy_test [[15, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> test [[15, 4], [1, 2], [4], ['1']] >>> new_list = [15,4] >>> copy_list[0]=new_list Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'copy_list' is not defined >>> copy_test[0]=new_list >>> test [[15, 4], [1, 2], [4], ['1']] >>> copy_test [[15, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> test[0][0]=12 >>> test [[12, 4], [1, 2], [4], ['1']] >>> copy_test [[15, 4], [1, 2], [4]] >>> test [[12, 4], [1, 2], [4], ['1']] >>> test=[1,2,3,4,5] >>> test2=[6,7,8,9] >>> test+test2 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> test [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> test2 [6, 7, 8, 9] >>> test * 5 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> test=[[1,2,3,4,5]] >>> test * 5 [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]] >>> test = test * 5 >>> test [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]] >>> test[0]=14 >>> test [14, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]] >>> test[1][1]=14 >>> test [14, [1, 14, 3, 4, 5], [1, 14, 3, 4, 5], [1, 14, 3, 4, 5], [1, 14, 3, 4, 5]] >>> test=[1,2,3,4,5] >>> test.index(4) 3 >>> test.index(10) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list >>> 4 in test True >>> 10 in test False >>> test [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> test.pop() 5 >>> test [1, 2, 3, 4] >>> test.pop() 4 >>> test [1, 2, 3] >>> test[4] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in IndexError: list index out of range >>> test=[1,2,3,4,5] >>> test[4] 5 >>> test = ['a','b','c','d','e'] >>> test ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] >>> test[3] 'd' >>> test.index('d') 3 >>> help(list.index) Help on method_descriptor: index(...) L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value >>> dir(list) ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__str__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort'] >>> test.index('d',3,6) 3 >>> test.index('d',3,5) 3 >>> test.index('d',4,5) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list >>> 'd' in test True >>> help(list.index) Help on method_descriptor: index(...) L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value >>> test={'1' : 1, 1 : '1', 'list': []} >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 'list': []} >>> type(test) >>> test['1'] 1 >>> test[1] '1' >>> test['list'] [] >>> test[3] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in KeyError: 3 >>> test[3]=1234 >>> test[3] 1234 >>> test[None] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in KeyError: None >>> test[[3]] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: list objects are unhashable >>> test[3] 1234 >>> test[3]=786587 >>> test[3] 786587 >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': []} >>> dir(dict) ['__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__str__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'has_key', 'items', 'iteritems', 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values'] >>> len(test) 4 >>> test.keys() ['1', 1, 3, 'list'] >>> test.values() [1, '1', 786587, []] >>> test.items() [('1', 1), (1, '1'), (3, 786587), ('list', [])] >>> test[6] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in KeyError: 6 >>> 6 in test False >>> test.has_key(6) False >>> test[3] 786587 >>> test.get(3) 786587 >>> test.get(6) >>> test.get(3) 786587 >>> test.get(66,09) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in invalid token: , line 1, pos 14 >>> test.get(66,9) 9 >>> test.get(3,9) 786587 >>> test2 [6, 7, 8, 9] >>> test2 = {1 : 1, 2: 2} >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': []} >>> test2 {1: 1, 2: 2} >>> test2.clear() >>> test2 {} >>> test2= test.copy() >>> test2 {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': []} >>> test2['list'].append('a') >>> test2 {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a']} >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a']} >>> test[45]=42524 >>> test.clear() >>> test[45]=42524 >>> test {45: 42524} >>> test.update(test2) >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a'], 45: 42524} >>> test2 {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a']} >>> test.pop('1') 1 >>> test {1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a'], 45: 42524} >>> test.popitem(1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: popitem() takes no arguments (1 given) >>> dir(dict) ['__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__str__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'has_key', 'items', 'iteritems', 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values'] >>> test.popitem() (1, '1') >>> help(dict.popitem) Help on method_descriptor: popitem(...) D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty >>> test.popitem() (3, 786587) >>> test.popitem() ('list', ['a']) >>> test.popitem() (45, 42524) >>> test.popitem() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty' >>> test {} >>> test2 {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a']} >>> test + test2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'dict' and 'dict' >>> test * 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'dict' and 'int' >>> test {} >>> test2 {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a']} >>> test[1]=10 >>> test {1: 10} >>> test.update(test2) >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a']} >>> test['list'][0] 'a' >>> test['list'][1] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in IndexError: list index out of range >>> test['list'].append('b') >>> test['list'][1] 'b' >>> test['list'][1]=1234 >>> test {'1': 1, 1: '1', 3: 786587, 'list': ['a', 1234]} >>> list(test) ['1', 1, 3, 'list'] >>> test.keys() ['1', 1, 3, 'list']