To print to the Java console
System.out.println(arg); // Adds a return
at the end.
Or:
System.out.print(arg); // Cursor stays on
the same line.
The argument can be any primitive type, a String
, an
Object
, or a (one dimensional) character array. In addition,
if the argument is an object that has a toString
method, that
method is automatically called by method println
. (Both
String
and Object
have toString
methods. Since classObject
is the superclass of all other
objects, every class has a default toString
method, but unless
redefined inside the class, it returns the hash code of the object.)
To read from the keyboard
InputStreamReader
that takes a stream of
bytes from the keyboard (System.in
) and reads a stream of
characters.
InputStreamReader isr= new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader
that takes a stream of
characters and reads lines as Strings.
BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(isr);
BufferedReader
is set up with a single statement:
Beware! Your program should only have oneBufferedReader br= new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in));
BufferedReader
reading from the keyboard. If you want to read
from the keyboard in more than one place, either create the
BufferedReader
in the main
method and pass it
around as a parameter, or make it a public static variable. If
you have more than one BufferedReader
attached to the
keyboard, Java doesn't know which one should get the input.
Escape Sequences
Enclosing any of the following in double quotes ("\n") will make
it a String
of one character. Single quotes (for example,
'\n'
) will parse the interior as a character.
Escape Sequence | Character |
---|---|
\\ | backslash \ |
\" | double quote " |
\' | single quote ' |
\n | newline |
\r | carriage return |
\t | tab |
\f | form feed |
\b | backspace |