Light Field

R. Ng, Fourier Slice Photography, SIGGRAPH 2005.
graphics.stanford.edu/papers/fourierphoto
This paper states the important conclusion that photos focused at different depths are slices of the light field in the Fourier domain. The paper uses refocusing as its application, but its application is much more beyond that.

Z. Zhang, M. Levoy, Wigner Distributions and How They Relate to the Light Field, IEEE ICCP 2009.
A mathematical paper that proves the equivalence between light field and wave optics.

Controlled Illumination

S. Nayar, G. Krishnan, M. Grossberg, R. Raskar, Fast Separation of Direct and Global Components of a Scene using High Frequency Illumination, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006.
It's amazing to see what direct/indirect components are like.

Sensors

G. Healey, R. Kondepudy, Radiometric CCD Camera Calibration and Noise Estimation, IEEE PAMI 1994.
Sensor noise are dominated by the Poisson distributed component.

R. N. Clark, Procedures for Evaluating Digital Camera Sensor Noise, Dynamic Range, and Full Well Capacities; Canon 1D Mark II Analysis, webpage.
Radiometric calibration of your own camera.

Optical coding

R. Raskar, A. Agrawal, J. Tumblin, Coded exposure photography: motion deblurring using fluttered shutter, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006.
Simplest among all aperture coding paper, but very stable.

W. T. Cathey, E. R. Dowski, New paradigm for imaging systems, Applied Optics
Phase coding for extended DOF.

A. Levin, P. Sand, T. S. Cho, F. Durand, W. T. Freeman, Motion-invariant photography, ACM SIGGRAPH 2008.
Phase coding in time/1d spatial domain.

Deblurring

A. Levin, Y. Weiss, F. Durand, W. T. Freeman. Understanding and evaluating blind deconvolution algorithms. CVPR2009.
The difficulty in blind deblurring lies in curse of dimensionality.

Community Photo Collection

S. Kuthirummal, A. Agarwala, D. B. Goldman, S. K. Nayar, Priors for Large Photo Collections and What They Reveal about Cameras, ECCV 2008.
Simple statistics of photos reveals common both layout of scenes and camera.