Fleet, D.J. and Langley, K.
Recursive filters for optical flow.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 17(1):61-67, 1995

ABSTRACT
Working toward efficient (real-time) implementations of optical flow methods, we have applied simple recursive filters to achieve temporal smoothing and differentiation of image intensity, and to compute 2d flow from component velocity constraints using spatiotemporal least-squares minimization. Accuracy in simulation is similar to that obtained in the study by Barron, Fleet and Beauchimen (1994), while requiring much less storage, less computation, and shorter delays.
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