Tutoring Systems

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Memory Research Concepts

• forgetting
• interference
• memory
• forgetting curves
• operand

Search Queries

• forgetting and model (pretty specific results)
• memory and model
• memory and arithmetic
• memory and arithmetic and learning
• fact learning - no hits in cite seer
• fact and learning

Memory and arithmetic skills

• Context   Doc   1 (0):   Campbell, J. I. D., & Clark, J. M. (1989). Time course of error-priming in number fact retrieval: Evidence for excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 920--929.

• Dynamics of Arithmetic A Connectionist View of Arithmetic Skills

                         (1994)  (Correct)  (2 citations)
      Richard Dallaway CSRP 306 February 1994 ISSN 1350-3162 Cognitive Science...
 
• Context   Doc   3.2 (0):   McCloskey, M., Harley, W. & Sokol, S. M. (1991). Models of arithmetic fact retrieval: an evaluation in light of

findings from normal and brain-damaged subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17(3),
377--397.
• One of the more interesting network models is the distribution of associations (DOA) model proposed by Siegler (Siegler 1988,

1987; Siegler & Shrager 1984). The model is an account of strategy choice---why retrieval is ......
• Context   Doc   5.6 (0):   Hitch, G. J. (1978). The role of short-term working memory in mental arithmetic. Cognitive Psychology, 10,

302--323.
 
• Context   Doc   2 (0):   Zbrodoff, N. J., & Logan, G. D. (1990). On the relation between production and verification tasks in the psychology of

simple arithmetic. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 83--97.
 
• Context   Doc   3.2 (0):   McCloskey, M., Harley, W. & Sokol, S. M. (1991). Models of arithmetic fact retrieval: an evaluation in light of

findings from normal and brain-damaged subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17(3),
377--397.
 
• Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   Ashcraft, M. H., & Battaglia, J. (1978). Cognitive arithmetic: Evidence for retrieval and decision processes in mental

addition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4, 527--538.
 
• Context   Doc   2.1 (0):   Sokol, S. M., McCloskey, M., Cohen, N. J. & Aliminosa, D. (1991). Cognitive representations and processes in

arithmetic: inferences from the performance of braindamaged subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
Cognition, 17(3), 355--376.
 
• Context   Doc   1.1 (0):   Logan, G. D., & Klapp, S. T. (1992). Automatizing alphabet arithmetic: I. Is extended practice necessary to produce

automaticity? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 17: 179-195.
 
• Context   Doc   1 (0):   Miller, K., Perlmutter, M., & Keating, D. (1984). Cognitive arithmetic: Comparison of operations. Journal of

Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 46--60.
 
• Context   Doc   1 (0):   Zbrodoff, N. J., & Logan, G. D. (1990). On the relation between production and verification tasks in the psychology of

simple arithmetic. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 83--97.

Memory and tutoring => CiteSeer Jan 2001

Context   Doc   1.1 (0):   Memory and Cognition, 9(2), 185--196. Attisha, M. G. (1983). A microcomputer based tutoring system for
self-improving and teaching techniques in arithmetic skills. Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Exeter.

Context   Doc   1 (0):   Bareiss, R., Ferguson, W. and Fano, A. 1991. The story archive: a memory for case-based tutoring. In the Proceedings
of the 1991 DARPA Workshop on CaseBased Reasoning, San Mateo: CA, Morgan-Kaufmann.

Memory Research Citations

• C. Bailey, Forgetting and the Learning Curve, Management Science, 35 (3) (1989) p. 340--352.
• Bailey, Charles D. \Forgetting and the Learning Curve: A Laboratory Study." Management Science, March 1989, 35(3), pp. 340-352.

 
• Context   Doc   3 (1):   Mensink, -G., -J., & Raaijmakers, -J., -G. (1988). A model for interference and forgetting.

 
• Context   Doc   2.1 (0):   Hintzman, D. L., & Ludlam, G. (1984). Differential forgetting of prototypes and old instances: Simulation by an

exemplar-based classification model. Memory & Cognition, 8, 378--382.
 
 
• Context   Doc   1 (0):   Chicago, Dept. of Computer Science. Mensink, G., & Raaijmakers, J. G. (1988). A model for interference and

forgetting. Psychological Review, 95, 434-455.
 
• Context   Doc   0 (2):   Transfer of learning Jacob Murre 16 Mensink, G.J., & J.G.W. Raaijmakers (1988). A model for interference and

forgetting.
 
• Context   Doc   0 (1):   Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1, 476-490. Mensink, G.-J. M. & Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (1988). A model for

interference and forgetting.

Top 100 most cited General Tutoring System Citations (citeSeer)

• Context   Doc   35.5 (0):   Wenger, E. (1987). Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems. Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufman.

 
• Context   Doc   29.3 (3):   P. Brusilovsky, E. Schwarz, and G. Weber. Elm-art: An intelligent tutoring system on world wide web. In C.

Frasson and G. Gauthier and A. Lesgold, editor, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1086), pages
261--269, Berlin, New York, Heidelberg, 1996. Springer.

Context   Doc   25.7 (1):   Sleeman, D., Brown, J.S., eds. Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Academic Press, New York 1982.

Context   Doc   23.7 (1):   W. Murray. Automatic Program Debugging for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.,
San Mateo, CA, 1988.

Context   Doc   23.5 (0):   R.R. Burton. Diagnosing bugs in a simple procedural skill. In D. Sleeman and J.S. Brown, editors, Intelligent
Tutoring Systems, pages 157--183. Academic Press, 1982.

Context   Doc   20.1 (0):   Burton, R. R. and Brown, J. S. An investigation of computer coaching for informal learning activities. In Sleeman,
D. and Brown, J. S., editors, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, chapter 4, pages 79--98. Academic Press, 1982.

Context   Doc   18.2 (0):   Wenger, E.: Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems: Computational and Cognitive Approaches to the
Communication of Knowledge, Morgan Kaufmann(1987).

Context   Doc   13.4 (0):   M.C Polson and J.J. (eds.) Richardson. Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Hillsdale, NJ, 1988.

Context   Doc   13.4 (0):   Anderson, J. R. (1988). The expert module. In Polson, M. C., & Richardson, J. J. (Eds.), Foundations of Intelligent
Tutoring Systems, pp. 21--53. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Context   Doc   11.5 (0):   Anderson, John R., et al. "Intelligent Tutoring Systems," Science, 228 :456--462 (1985).

Context   Doc   11.3 (1):   Collins, A., and Brown, J. S. 1988. The computer as a tool for learning through reflection. In Mandl, H., et al., eds.,
Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. NY: Springer-Verlag. chapter 1, 1--18.

Context   Doc   11.3 (3):   Self, J. (1988). Bypassing the intractable problem of student modelling. In Gauthier, G., and Frasson, C., eds.,
Proceedings of Intelligent Tutoring Systems '88, 18--24.

Context   Doc   10 (0):   Brown, J. S., Burton, R., and de Kleer, J. Pedagogical, natural language and knowledge engineering techniques in
SOPHIE I, II, and III. In Sleeman, D. and Brown, J. S., editors, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, chapter 11, pages 227--282. Academic Press,
1982.

Context   Doc   9.8 (2):   Weber, G., & Specht, M.: "User modeling and adaptive navigation support in WWW-based tutoring systems"; In
Jameson, A., Paris,C., & Tasso, C. (Eds.), User Modeling, Springer-Verlag, Wien (1997) 289-300.

Context   Doc   8.9 (0):   Lesgold, A., Lajoie, S., Bunzo, M. & Eggan, G. (1992). Sherlock: A coached practice environment for an electronics
troubleshooting job. In Computer Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.

Context   Doc   8.3 (0):   M.A. Mark and J.E. Greer. Evaluation methodologies for intelligent tutoring systems. Journal of Artificial
Intelligence and Education, 4(2/3):129--153, 1993.

Context   Doc   8.3 (0):   J.A. Self. Bypassing the intractable problem of student modeling. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems: At the Crossroads
of Artificial Intelligence and Education, pages 107--123. Ablex, Norwood, NJ, 1990.

Context   Doc   8.2 (0):   Mandl, H., & Lesgold, A. (Eds.) (1988). Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

Context   Doc   8 (0):   M. Quafafou, A. Mekaouche, and N. H.S. Multiviews learning and intelligent tutoring systems. In Proceedings of
Seventh World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 1995.

Context   Doc   7.8 (0):   I.P. Goldstein, "The Genetic Graph: A Representation for the Evolution of Procedural Knowledge," in Intelligent
Tutoring Systems (eds. Sleeman and Brown). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 51-77.

Context   Doc   7.2 (1):   Burns H. L. & Capps C. G. (1988). Foundations of intelligent tutoring systems: an introduction. Foundations of
intelligent tutoring systems (Eds. Polson M. C. & Richardson J. J.). Lawrence Erlbaum, London, pp1-19.

Context   Doc   6.7 (0):   D.H. Sleeman, "Assessing Aspects of Competence in Basic Algebra," in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (eds. Sleeman
and Brown). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 185-199.

Context   Doc   6.7 (0):   Clancey, William J. (1982). Tutoring rules for guiding a case method dialogue. In D. Sleeman & J. S. Brown (Eds.),
Intelligent Tutoring Systems . New York: Academic Press.

Context   Doc   6.7 (0):   D.C. Merrill, B.J. Reiser, M. Ranney, and J.G. Trafton. Effective tutoring techniques: A comparison of human tutors
and intelligent tutoring systems. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(3):277-- 305, 1992.

Context   Doc   6.7 (0):   Villano, M. (1992). Probabilistic student models: Bayesian belief networks and knowledge space theory. In
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pages 491--498. Montr'eal, Canada. 80

Context   Doc   6.4 (0):   Burns, B., Parlett, J.W. and Redfield, C.L. 1991. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Evolutions in Design, Lawrence
Erlbaum Publishers, Hillsdale, New Jersey.

Context   Doc   6.3 (0):   Shute, Valerie J. and Josepf Psotka. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Past, Present, Future. Technical Report
AL/HR-TP-1994-0005, USAF, Armstrong Laboratory, 1994.

Context   Doc   6.1 (2):   Gilmore, D. and Self, J. (1988). The application of machine learning to intelligent tutoring systems.

Context   Doc   6.1 (0):   VanLehn, K. Student modeling. In Polson, M. C. and Richardson, J. J., editors, Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring
Systems, chapter 3, pages 55--78. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

Context   Doc   5.8 (0):   J. Collins, J. Greer, and S. Huang. Adaptive assessment of using granularity hierarchies and Bayesien nets. In
Proceedings of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pages 569--577, 1996.

Context   Doc   5.6 (0):   J.S. Brown, R.R. Burton, and J. deKleer, "Pedagogical, Natural Language and Knowledge Engineering Techniques
in SOPHIE I, II and III," in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (eds. Sleeman and Brown). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 227-282.

Context   Doc   5.4 (0):   Massey, and S. Mutter (Eds.), Intelligent tutoring systems: Lessons learned., Hillsdale, NJ: LEA, 409--434. Boyle,
C.F. & Anderson, J.R. [1984] Acquisition and automated instruction of geometry skills. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the
American Educational Research Association (AERA-84), New Orleans.

Context   Doc   5.3 (1):   Vijay Vasandani and T. Govindaraj. Knowledge organization in intelligent tutoring systems for diagnostic problem
solving in complex dynamic domains. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 25(7):1077--1095, 1995.

Context   Doc   5.2 (0):   Chan, T.-W. and Baskin, A. B. Learning companion systems. In Frasson, C. and Gauthier, G., editors, Intelligent
Tutoring Systems: At the Crossroads of Artificial Intelligence and Education, pages 6--33. Ablex, New Jersey, 1990.

Context   Doc   5.1 (0):   Massey, L., de Bruin, J. and Roberts, B. A Training System for System Maintenance. In Psotka, J. Massey, L., and
Mutter, S. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned. Erlbaum,

Context   Doc   5.1 (2):   Brusilovsky, P. L.: 1992a, `A framework for intelligent knowledge sequencing and task sequencing'. In: C. Frasson, G.
Gauthier and G. I. McCalla (eds.): Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 499-506.

Context   Doc   5.1 (1):   Dillenbourg, P. and Self, J.A. (1992b). People-Power: a human-computer collaborative learning system, in C.
Frasson, G. Gauthier and G.I. McCalla (eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Context   Doc   5 (0):   Hoppe, H. U. (1994). Deductive error diagnosis and inductive error generalization for intelligent tutoring systems.
Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 5:27-49.

Context   Doc   5 (0):   Sleeman, D. (1987). Some challenges for intelligent tutoring systems. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 1166-1168. Milan.

Context   Doc   4.9 (0):   Yazdani, M. (1986), `Intelligent tutoring systems: An overview', Expert Systems 3(3), 154162.

Context   Doc   4.9 (0):   H.M. Halff, "Curriculum and Instruction in Automated Tutors," AFHRL Research Planning Forum for Intelligent
Tutoring Systems, San Antonio, TX, September 1986.

Context   Doc   4.7 (0):   V.J. Shute and J.W. Regian. Principles for evaluating intelligent tutoring systems. Journal of Artificial Intelligence
in Education, 4(2/3):245--273, 1993.

Context   Doc   4.4 (0):   M.R. Genesereth, "The Role of Plans in Intelligent Teaching Systems," in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (eds.
Sleeman and Brown). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 137-155.

Context   Doc   4.4 (0):   Matz M. (1982): "Towards a process model for high school algebra errors". In D.H. Sleeman and J.S. Brown (eds.),
Intelligent Tutoring Systems, New York: Academic Press.

Context   Doc   4.4 (0):   J. Reye. A belief net backbone for student modelling. In C. Frason, G. Gauthier, and A. Lesgold, editors, Intelligent
Tutoring Systems, pages 596-604. Springer, 1996.

Context   Doc   4.1 (2):   Souther, A.; Acker, L.; Lester, J. and Porter, B. 1989. Using view types to generate explanations in intelligent
tutoring systems. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 123-130. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum Assoc.

Context   Doc   4.1 (0):   Van Lehn, K. Student Modeling. In Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, 1988.

Context   Doc   4.1 (0):   Johnson, William B. 1988. Pragmatic Considerations in Research, Development, and Implementation of Intelligent
Tutoring Systems. In Polson, Martha C., and Richardson, J. Jeffrey, Eds. Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

Context   Doc   3.8 (0):   VanLehn, K.; Niu, Z.; Siler, S.; and Gertner, A. 1998. Student modeling from conventional test data: A bayesian
approach without priors. In Goettl, B.; Hal#, H.; Redfield, C.; and Shute, V., eds., Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Proceedings of the 4th
international conference, 434--443. Berlin: Springer.

Context   Doc   3.8 (0):   J. Reye. Two-phase updating of student models based on dynamic belief networks. In B. Goettl, H. Halff, C.
Redfield, and V. Shute, editors, Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Springer, 1998.

Context   Doc   3.3 (0):   Brown, J.S., Burton, R.R., and deKleer, J. 1982. Pedagogical, Natural Language, and Knowledge Engineering
Techniques in SOPHIE I, II, and III. In: Sleeman, D.H. and Brown, J.S., Eds., Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Academic Press, New York,
227-282.

Context   Doc   3.3 (0):   A. Stevens, A. Collins, and S. Goldin, "Misconceptions in Students' Understanding," in Intelligent Tutoring
Systems (eds. Sleeman and Brown). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 13-24.

Context   Doc   3.3 (0):   A. Corbett and J. Anderson. Student modeling and mastery learning in a computer-based programming tutor. In C.
Frasson, C. Gauthier, and G.I. McCalla, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pages
413-420, Berlin, 1992. Springer-Verlag.

Context   Doc   3.3 (0):   "Automated Generation of Examples for a Tutorial in Case-Based Argumentation" in Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp575-584

Context   Doc   3.3 (1):   Swartz, M. L. (1992). Issues for tutoring knowledge in foreign language intelligent tutoring systems. In Swartz, M.
L., & Yazdani, M. (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Foreign Language Learning, pp. 219--233. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Context   Doc   3.2 (0):   Cawsey, Alison J. (1991). A belief revision model of repair sequences in dialogue. In Costa, Ernesto, editor, New
Directions in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Springer Verlag.

Context   Doc   3.1 (0):   A.T. Corbett, J.R. Anderson, and E.G. Patterson. Student modeling and tutoring flexibility in the Lisp Intelligent
Tutoring System. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems: At the Crossroads of Artificial Intelligence and Education, pages 83--106. Ablex,
Norwood, N.J., 1990.

Context   Doc   3.1 (0):   Brown, J.S., (1990). Towards a new epistemology for learning. In Frasson, C., and Gauthier, G., Intelligent Tutoring
Systems: At the Crossroads of Artificial Intelligence and Education, pp. 266-282. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1990.

Context   Doc   3.1 (0):   Gauthier (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems: At the Crossroads of Artificial Intelligence and Education, Norwood,
NJ: Ablex, 1989, 140-161.

Context   Doc   3.1 (0):   Kass, R. 1989. Student modeling in intelligent tutoring systems--implications for user modeling. In Kobsa, A., and
Wahlster, W., eds., User Models in Dialog Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. chapter 14, 386-- 410.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   Mizoguchi, R., Ikeda, M. and Kakusho, O. (1988). An innovative framework for intelligent tutoring systems, in P.
Ercoli and R. Lewis (eds.), AI Tools in Education, Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   Littman, David, and Soloway, Elliot. 1988. Evaluating ITSs: The Cognitive Science Perspective. In Polson, Martha C.,
and Richardson, J. Jeffrey, Eds. Foundations 162 of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Hillsdale, New Jersey:
209-242.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   VanLehn, K. 1988. Student Modelling. In: Polson, M. C. and Richardson, J.J., Eds., Foundations of Intelligent
Tutoring Systems, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Hillsdale, New Jersey: 55-78.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   Van Lehn, K. (1988). Toward a Theory of Impasse-Driven Learning. In: Mandl, H.; Lesgold, A. (eds): Learning Issues
for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. New York: Springer, 19-41.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   Fischer, G. and Morch, A. 1988. "CRACK: A critiquing approach to cooperative kitchen design," Proceedings of the
ACM International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pages 176--185, May.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   Lesgold, A.M. 1987. Toward a Theory of Curriculum for Use in Designing Intelligent Instructional Systems. In:
Mandl, H. and Lesgold, A. M., Eds., Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Springer-Verlag, New York, 114-137.

Context   Doc   3 (0):   Sleeman, D. (1987). PIXIE: A shell for developing intelligent tutoring systems. In Lawler, R. & Yazdani, M. (eds.)
Artificial Intelligence and Education, Vol. I New Jersey: Ablex Publ.

Context   Doc   2.9 (0):   J.R. Miller, "Human-Computer Interaction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems," AFHRL Research Planning Forum
for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, San Antonio, TX, September 1986. Also MCC Technical Report HI-284-86, Microelectronics and
Computer Technology Corporation, Austin, TX, September 1986.

Context   Doc   2.9 (2):   Peachey, D.R. and McCalla, G.I. 1986. Using Planning Techniques in Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

Context   Doc   2.9 (0):   Burrow, R. and G. Weber. Example Explanation in Learning Environments. In Third International Conference on
Intelligent Tutoring Systems. 1996: Springer.

Context   Doc   2.9 (0):   Bloom, C. P. 1996. Promoting the transfer of adanced training technologies. In Frasson, C.; Gauthier, G.; and
Lesgold, A., eds., Proceedings of Third International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 1-- 10. Springer.

Context   Doc   2.6 (0):   Brant Cheikes. Should its designers be looking for a few good agents? In Nigel Major, Tom Murray, and Charles
Bloom, editors, AI-ED Workshop on Authoring Shells for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. AACE, 1995.

Context   Doc   2.6 (0):   Chan, T.-W. and Chou, C.-Y. Simulating a learning companion in reciprocal tutoring systems. In Proceedings of
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL'95), on-line version, 1995. http://www-cscl95.indiana.edu/cscl95/chan.html (accessed
Nov 7, 1995).

Context   Doc   2.6 (0):   Brant Cheikes. "Should its designers be looking for a few good agents?" In Nigel Major, Tom Murray, and Charles
Bloom, editors, AI-ED Workshop on Authoring Shells for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. AACE, 1995.

Context   Doc   2.5 (0):   Proceedings of the Second European Seminar on ITS. Lemans, France. Dillenbourg, P. (1988b). Self-improving
tutoring systems. International Journal of Educational Research, 12, 851862.

Context   Doc   2.5 (0):   Brusilovsky, P., Schwarz, E. and Weber, G. (1996a) ELM-ART: An i ntelligent tutoring system on world wide web.
In C. Frasson, G. Gauthier, and A. Lesgold, editors, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1086), pages
261-269, Berlin, Springer.

Context   Doc   2.5 (0):   R. Nkambou, B. Lefebvre, and G. Gauthier. A curriculum-based student model for intelligent tutoring systems. In
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on User Modeling

Context   Doc   2.5 (8):   Patel A. & Kinshuk (1996a). Knowledge Characteristics: Reconsidering the design of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Knowledge Transfer (Ed. Behrooz A.), pp190-197, ISBN 1 900427 01 X.

Context   Doc   2.5 (0):   Sleeman, D. H. and R. J. Hendley (1981b), "ACE: A System Which Analyzes Complex Explanations", in Intelligent
Tutoring Systems, Academic Press, pp. 99--116.

Context   Doc   2.5 (0):   Safwan Qasem, Franck Bellemain, Jean-Marie Laborde. La manipulation directe dans les environnements pour
l'apprentissage, les cas de Cabri II et Cabri 3D. In International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems 96, montr#al- Canada. (en
soumission)

Context   Doc   2.4 (0):   Murray, T. (1999). Authoring Intelligent Tutoring Systems: An analysis of the state of the art. International Journal
of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10, 98-129.

Context   Doc   2.3 (0):   Milech, D., Kirsner, K., Roy, G. & Waters, B. (1993). Applications of psychology to computer-based tutoring
systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 5 (1), 23-40.

Context   Doc   2.3 (0):   Mark, M. A. and Greer, J. E. (1993). Evaluating methodologies for intelligent tutoring systems. AI and Education:
Special Issue on Evaluation, 4(2/3):129--153.

Context   Doc   2.3 (0):   Warren, K.C., Goodman, B.A. & Maciorowski, S.M. (1993). A software architecture for intelligent tutoring systems.
Proceedings of the World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED 93) , Edinburgh, Scotland, 1993.

Context   Doc   2.3 (0):   Boyle, Patrick J., Evens, Martha W., and Spitkovsky, John A. 1993. Finding a Link Between Hinting and Negative
Acknowledgments in Natural Language Tutoring Systems. Unpublished paper. Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics,
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.

Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   O'Shea, T. (1982). A self-improving quadratics tutor. In D. Sleeman & J. S. Brown (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring
Systems. London: Academic Press.

Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   J.S. Brown, R.R. Burton, and J. de Kleer. Pedagogical, natural language and engineering techniques in SOPHIE I, II
and III. In D. Sleeman and J.S. Brown, editors, Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Academic Press, 1982.

Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   McCalla, G. The central importance of student modelling to intelligent tutoring. In Costa, E., editor, New Directions
for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pages 107--131. Springer-Verlag, 1992.

Context   Doc   2.2 (1):   John Self, `Cognitive diagnosis for tutoring systems', in Proc. of the 10th ECAI, ed., Bernd Neumann, pp. 699--703,
Vienna, Austria, (1992).

Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   Corbett, A. T. & Anderson, J. R. (1992) Student modelling and mastery learning in a computer-based programming
tutor. In Frasson, C., Gauthier, G. & McCalla, G. I. (Eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

Context   Doc   2.2 (1):   Self, J. (1992). Computational Mathetics: the missing link in intelligent tutoring systems research. In Costa, E.,
editor, Directions in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, volume 91 of NATO ASI Series F, pages 36--56.

Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   Major N. & Reichgelt H. (1992). COCA: A shell for intelligent tutoring systems. Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, 608, pp523-530.

Context   Doc   2.2 (0):   Corbett, A. T. and Anderson, J. R. LISP Intelligent Tutoring System: research in skill acquisition. In Larkin, J. H.
and Chabay, R. W., editors, Computer Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches,
chapter 3, pages 73--109. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

Context   Doc   2.1 (0):   Mengel, S. and Lively, W. (1991). On the use of neural networks in intelligent tutoring systems. Journal of Artificial
Intelligence in Education, 2:43--56.

Context   Doc   2 (0):   Corbett, A., Anderson, J. R. and Patterson, E. G. (1990). Student Modelling and Tutoring Flexibility in the Lisp
Intelligent Tutoring System. In Frasson, C. and Gauthier, G. (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: At the Crossroads of Artificial Intelligence
and Education Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Context   Doc   2 (0):   B. J. Brecht, Determining the Focus of Instruction: Content Planning for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, PhD. Thesis,
Department of Computational Science, University of Saskatchewan, (1990). 18

Context   Doc   2 (0):   Shute, V.J. (1990). Golden promises of intelligent tutoring systems: Blossom or thorn? Paper presented at the Space
Operations, Applications and Research (SOAR) Symposium, Albuquerque, N.M. June.

Context   Doc   2 (0):   J. Self. Computational Mathetics; the Missing Link in Intelligent Tutoring Systems? In Proc. of the NATO Advance
Research Workshop, Sintra, Portugal, 1990.

Context   Doc   2 (0):   In Larkin, J. H., and Chabay, R. W., eds., Computerassisted instruction and intelligent tutoring systems. Hillsdale, NJ:
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