@inbook{Hirst2,
  author = "Graeme Hirst",
  chapter = "Views of text-meaning in computational linguistics: Past, present, and future",
  title = "Computation, Information, Cognition -- The Nexus and the Liminal",
  editor = "Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic and Susan Stuart",
  publisher = "Cambridge Scholars Publishing",
  address = "Newcastle-upon-Tyne",
  year = "2007",
  pages = "270--279",
  abstract = "Three views of text-meaning compete in the philosophy of language:
              objective, subjective, and authorial --- ``in'' the text, or ``in''
              the reader, or ``in'' the writer.  Computational linguistics has
              ignored the competition and implicitly embraced all three, and rightly
              so; but different views have predominated at different times and in
              different applications.  Contemporary applications mostly take the
              crudest view: meaning is objectively ``in'' a text.  The
              more-sophisticated applications now on the horizon, however, demand
              the other two views: as the computer takes on the user's purpose, it
              must also take on the user's subjective views; but sometimes, the
              user's purpose is to determine the author's intent.  Accomplishing
              this requires, among other things, an ability to determine what could
              have been said but wasn't, and hence a sensitivity to linguistic
              nuance.  It is therefore necessary to develop computational mechanisms
              for this sensitivity.",
  download = "http://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/gh/Hirst-ECAP-2006.pdf"
}